Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation
In recent decades, phthalate plasticizers in children’s products such as toys, teethers, and backpacks were analyzed in numerous studies [ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 ]. They were found in various polymeric parts of a product, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation
In recent decades, phthalate plasticizers in children’s products such as toys, teethers, and backpacks were analyzed in numerous studies [12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. They were found in various polymeric parts of a product, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Of the analyzed products, some had two or more phthalate plasticizers, but most products
Plasticizer migration from children's toys, child care articles, art
Dialkyl phthalates, including diisononyl phthalate (DINP), have been used as plasticizers in children's products made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), such as teethers and toys. Children may be exposed to phthalates when handling or mouthing PVC products because plasticizers are not covalently bound.
Plasticizer migration from children's toys, child care articles, art
Dialkyl ortho-phthalates, primarily diisononyl phthalate (DINP), have been used as plasticizers in children's products made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), such as teethers and toys (Babich et al., 2004). Children may be exposed to plasticizers when handling or mouthing PVC products, because plasticizers are not bound covalently.
Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation
Large amounts of plasticizers, such as di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), are added to various polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. To assess the human exposure...
- Are there phthalate plasticizers in children's products?
- In recent decades, phthalate plasticizers in children’s products such as toys, teethers, and backpacks were analyzed in numerous studies [ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 ]. They were found in various polymeric parts of a product, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
- Which phthalate plasticizers are most common?
- Nevertheless, DEHP and DINP are the two most predominant phthalate plasticizers. The concentration of DEHP is the highest in most products in all categories. DBP and DEP were found steadily in children’s products, although the detection frequency is low and the amount in products was minor.
- How many phthalate plasticizers are in PVC toys?
- Of the analyzed products, some had two or more phthalate plasticizers, but most products had one phthalate plasticizer. In the early 2000s, diisononyl phthalate (DINP) was the predominant phthalate plasticizer in PVC toys, of which concentration was up to 44%, and di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) was the second-most dominant [ 12, 13 ].
- What are phthalate plasticizers used for?
- Phthalate plasticizers are widely used to enhance the elasticity and durability of numerous plastic products [ 1, 2 ]. With increasing volumes of plastic products being produced, the amount of phthalate plasticizers being used is increasing as well [ 3 ].
- Are there phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in children's hand wipes?
- In general, the phthalate esters and non-phthalate replacements were frequently detected in the children's hand wipes (n = 202), with a majority of the compounds detected in >90% of the samples (Table 2). To the authors' knowledge, this study examines the broadest range of phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in hand wipe samples to date.
- How do children get exposure to phthalate?
- In the case of children, exposure through diet was the dominant pathway explaining more than 40% of total exposure to DEHP, followed by the use of childcare products (>20%) and toys (>10%). Kim et al. analyzed phthalate metabolites in the urine of elementary school children of Korea [ 41 ].
