Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation
In recent decades, phthalate plasticizers in children’s products such as toys, teethers, and backpacks were analyzed in numerous studies [ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 ]. They were found in various polymeric parts of a product, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation
In recent decades, phthalate plasticizers in children’s products such as toys, teethers, and backpacks were analyzed in numerous studies [12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. They were found in various polymeric parts of a product, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Of the analyzed products, some had two or more phthalate plasticizers, but most products
Plasticizer migration from children's toys, child care articles, art
Migration rates correlated roughly with plasticizer concentration and inversely with the molecular mass of the plasticizer. We then combined the migration rates with data on mouthing duration to estimate children's exposure to plasticizers in toys and child care articles, and estimated margins of exposure. All margins of exposure were >1,000
Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation
Large amounts of plasticizers, such as di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), are added to various polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. To assess the human exposure...
Pediatric Exposure and Potential Toxicity of Phthalate Plasticizers
Phthalates are plasticizers that are added to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products to impart flexibility and durability. They are produced in high volume and generate extensive though poorly defined human exposures and unique childhood exposures.
- Are there phthalate plasticizers in children's products?
- In recent decades, phthalate plasticizers in children’s products such as toys, teethers, and backpacks were analyzed in numerous studies [ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 ]. They were found in various polymeric parts of a product, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
- Which phthalate plasticizers are most common?
- Nevertheless, DEHP and DINP are the two most predominant phthalate plasticizers. The concentration of DEHP is the highest in most products in all categories. DBP and DEP were found steadily in children’s products, although the detection frequency is low and the amount in products was minor.
- How many phthalate plasticizers are in PVC toys?
- Of the analyzed products, some had two or more phthalate plasticizers, but most products had one phthalate plasticizer. In the early 2000s, diisononyl phthalate (DINP) was the predominant phthalate plasticizer in PVC toys, of which concentration was up to 44%, and di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) was the second-most dominant [ 12, 13 ].
- What are phthalate plasticizers used for?
- Phthalate plasticizers are widely used to enhance the elasticity and durability of numerous plastic products [ 1, 2 ]. With increasing volumes of plastic products being produced, the amount of phthalate plasticizers being used is increasing as well [ 3 ].
- Are there phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in children's hand wipes?
- In general, the phthalate esters and non-phthalate replacements were frequently detected in the children's hand wipes (n = 202), with a majority of the compounds detected in >90% of the samples (Table 2). To the authors' knowledge, this study examines the broadest range of phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in hand wipe samples to date.
- Which non-Phthalate plasticizer has the lowest toxicity?
- Among the four non-phthalate plasticizers identified in this work, ATBC appears to have the lowest acute oral toxicity, and DEHA has the highest no-observed-adverse-effect level and lowest-observed-adverse-effect level in chronic exposure studies performed in rats. 17 However, their toxicity or safety to children is not fully understood.
