Plasticizers: Types, Uses, Classification, Selection & Regulation
Most common plasticiser chemistries include citrates, benzoates, ortho-phthalates, terephthalates, adipates, azelates, sebacates, and trimellitates. Plasticizers are the most common additives used in the plastics industry. But, selecting the right plasticizer for an application has always been a daunting task.
Plasticizers: Synthesis of phthalate esters via FeCl3
Plasticizers are extensively used in manufacturing of plastic materials, textiles, paints, cosmetics, etc. Phthalate esters are used to prepare in harsh conditions, at a higher reaction temperature. FeCl 3-catalyzed esterification of alcohols with phthalic anhydride affords phthalate esters, under mild conditions.
Analysis on raw materials in plasticizer industry - phthalic
Analysis on raw materials in plasticizer industry - phthalic anhydride08-23-2016 5990 As for phthalic anhydride, its capacity in China reached 2.565 million t/a in 2015, ranking top one in the world. Currently, the production lines of phthalic anhydride are not fully loaded in China. The
Plasticizers Production Cost Analysis from Phthalic anhydride
This report contains a comprehensive cost evaluation of plasticizers from Phthalic anhydride (PA) and alcohol. Depending on the type of alcohol used in the reaction, phthalic anhydride (PA) and alcohol react at high temperatures. In the presence of a catalyst, the reaction between these two basic components creates a plasticizer.
Analysis on raw materials in plasticizer industry - phthalic
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- How is phthalic anhydride produced?
- Several raw materials routes exist to produce phthalic an-hydride and until the 1960s, phthalic anhydride produc-tion was based on naphthalene oxidation processes. Since the 90s, most of the phthalic anhydride is obtained from o-xylene. Indeed, o-xylene has several advantages.
- Why do phthalic anhy-dride production plants fail?
- A major factor for the eficiency of a phthalic anhy-dride production plant is the performance of the con-densers system. Indeed, this system allows separating ph-thalic anhydride from the off-gas, i.e. water, CO2 and ni-trogen. Theoretically, there are different methods to do so.
- What are phthalates and phthalic anhydride?
- Phthalates are esters of phthalic anhydride. Phthalic anhydride (1) has been reacted with alcohols 2 to synthesize phthalate monoesters 3 and diesters 4 with the favor of latter compound that primarily used as plasticizers worldwide. This two-steps process operates in single pot, in the presence of 10 mol% of FeCl3 as a catalyst.
- What is the revenue of phthalic anhydride?
- The revenue can also be studied in the same way. The two major terms of the revenue (resp. ≈ 80% and ≈ 20%) are the phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride (see Ta-ble 9). Moreover, as the process is highly exothermic, the heat excess can be used to produce some high, medium and low-pressure steams.
- Can phthalic anhydride be produced from naphthalene?
- Authors have equally contributed to this work. Abstract— First reported in 1836, phthalic anhydride can be produced from naphthalene, ortho-xylene, and recently from renewable sources. This article focuses on the production process of 75 000 tons per year of phthalic anhydride with a purity of 99.9wt-% obtained from gas-phase oxidation of o-xylene.
- Is phthalic anhydride renewable?
- Its production is based on fossil feedstocks and is expected to grow up to 5 Mt per year by 2018, as such its market would be affected by petroleum depletion concerns. A renewable route to phthalic anhydride was found by Mahmoud et al. (2014) using biomass-derived furan (F) and maleic anhydride (MA).
