Phthalate Esters in the Environment: Sources and Quantification
Phthalate esters are industrial chemicals used widely as plasticizers to impart flexibility and durability to polymers and plastics. Phthalates represent 69% of plasticizer used in USA, 92% in Western Europe and 81% in Japan [1]. Table 1 contains some of the 18 commercial phthalate esters.
Research progress on removal of phthalates pollutants
Phthalates were commonly used as plasticizers to improve the flexibility and processability of polymer materials, but their existence and removal in various environments had become a major problem. Phthalates had endocrine disrupting effects and affect human reproductive health and physical development.
Phthalates - A family of plasticizers, their health risks
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are one of the most widely used groups of plasticizers and have been considered threats to the environment and human health. This study investigated the efficient biodegradation of seven phthalate esters (PAEs) by Bacillus mojavensis B1811. The results showed that di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP
Biodegradation of Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate by a novel
Biodegradation of Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate by a novel Enterobacter spp. Strain YC-IL1 Isolated from Polluted Soil, Mila, Algeria Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the phthalic acid ester representatives and is mainly used as a plasticizer to endow polyvinyl chloride plastics with desirable physical properties.
Plasticizer Degradation by Marine Bacterial Isolates: A
While the metabolic pathways for PAE degradation have been established in the terrestrial environment, to our knowledge, the mechanisms for ATBC biodegradation have not been identified...
- How phthalates are biodegraded?
- The biodegradation of phthalates primarily involves the sequential hydrolysis of ester linkage, which results in monoesters and, subsequently, PA, while forming alcohols simultaneously.
- Is phthalate biodegradation pronounced in WWTP?
- Roslev et al. (2007) reported a pronounced biodegradation of different phthalates in WWTP where the overall microbial degradation of DMP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP was estimated to be 93%, 91%, 90%, and 81%, respectively. First-order coefficiencies for DEHP degradation ranged in 19.2–31.2 × 10 −2 day −1 under various conditions.
- Does biodegradation remove phthalates from wastewater treatment plants?
- The fate of phthalates in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)- and laboratory-scaled reactors, such as sequencing batch reactor, packed-bed reactor, and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, has also been studied broadly. Although adsorption is found to be dominant, biodegradation also contributes to the removal of phthalates.
- Can phthalate pollution and biodegradation be sustainable?
- Thus, this work will provide an overview of phthalate pollution and biodegradation as a sustainable approach for their removal from major environmental matrixes, along with the challenges and future research perspectives for the clean-up of phthalates. Phthalates are phthalic acid's dialkyl or alkyl aryl esters.
- How does phthalate degradation occur?
- Chemical degradation includes hydrolysis, direct photolysis, and oxidation by hydroxyl radical. The study conducted on phthalate degradation indicated that its degradation is possible in household through both biotic and abiotic reactions and its degradation rate increase at elevated humidity levels (Bope et al. 2019).
- Are phthalate esters biodegradable by microbes isolated from river water?
- Hashizume K, Nanya J, Toda C, Yasui T, Nagano H, Kojima N (2002) Phthalate esters detected in various water samples and biodegradation of the phthalates by microbes isolated from river water. Biol Pharm Bull 25:209–214
