Plasticizers: Types, Uses, Classification, Selection & Regulation
Most common plasticiser chemistries include citrates, benzoates, ortho-phthalates, terephthalates, adipates, azelates, sebacates, and trimellitates. Plasticizers are the most common additives used in the plastics industry. But, selecting the right plasticizer for an application has always been a daunting task.
Preparation and evaluation of acetylated mixture of citrate
Tributyl citrate (TBC) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), as phthalate alternative plasticizers, show limited application due to low migration resistance, high volatilization rate and intense respiratory irritation. Meanwhile, the developed pure citrates, such as butyryl trihexyl citrate (BTHC) due to its high cost, and triisooctyl citrate (TOC) and acetyl triisooctyl citrate (ATOC) due to
Preparation and evaluation of acetylated mixture of citrate
Tributyl citrate (TBC) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), as phthalate alternative plasticizers, show limited application due to low migration resistance, high volatilization rate and intense
Effects of citrate ester plasticizers and bis (2-ethylhexyl
Citrate esters are considered functional alternatives to phthalate plasticizers, but their toxicity remains poorly understood. The toxicity of citrate esters, including triethyl 2-acetylcitrate (ATEC) and trihexyl O-acetylcitrate (ATHC), were examined together with that of bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) using the Organization for Economic
Soft PVC foams: Study of the gelation, fusion, and foaming
PVC plastisols are used in the production of flexible PVC foams. Phthalates are the most used plasticizers for PVC, and in a previous article (part I of this series), we discussed the influence of phthalate ester type plasticizers on the foaming process and on the quality of the foams obtained from the corresponding plastisols.
- What is a citrate plasticizer?
- Citrate plasticizers are another type of hydrophobic plasticizer whose effect on alginate films has been investigated in some studies [33, 34, 44, 93]. These plasticizers are tri- or tetra-esters that are produced by the esterification of citric acid.
- Which materials can be plasticized with citrates?
- Some properties of materials plasticized with citrates can match those plasticized with DOP but the cost of their production is substantially higher. Tri Butyl Citrate is a high boiling substance, is used as a solvent and plasticizer for polymers especially for PVC and its copolymers which are subsequently applied to food wrapping film.
- What are citrate esters used for?
- They have been used mainly as plasticizers with cellulosics, PVC, polyvinyl acetate, and other polymers used in medical plastics and food contact packaging. Some citrate esters find specialty use in blood bags and food wraps. Citrates are also used in toys produced by the plastisol process.
- Why are citrate plasticizers not used in film applications?
- However, citrate plasticizers are highly volatile and a significant amount is lost due to this property. Citrates lack permanency. Hence, they are not employed in resilient applications like cables, flooring, or roofing. They induce more fogging in film applications.
- Does citric acid act as a plasticizer?
- Sharmin et al. investigated the effect of citric acid (CA) as a crosslinking agent on the physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of alginate film and found that CA can act as a plasticizer at higher concentrations. CA was added at 0.5, 1, and 2 w/v% to alginate.
- Are citrates FDA approved?
- Being FDA-approved, citrates find uses in food packaging film applications and pharmaceutical preparations. They are compatible with polymers like PVC, PVA, PVB, and polypropylene. Esters of citric acid are also used as foam inhibitors.
