Predicting disinfection by-product formation potential in water
Water samples from W/WWTPs across the USA were collected and DBP formation potentials (DBPFPs) in the presence of free chlorine and chloramine were obtained for trihalomethane (THM), haloacetic acid (HAA), haloacetonitrile (HAN), and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA).
Water-quality impacts from climate-induced forest die-off
Increased TOC concentrations in watersheds can be associated with increased precipitation 20, and increased temperatures have been associated with increased DBP formation potential 21.
Predicting Disinfection By-Product Formation Potential in Water
Water samples from W/WWTPs across the USA were collected and DBP formation potentials (DBPFPs) in the presence of free chlorine and chloramine were obtained for trihalomethane (THM), haloacetic...
Occurrence of disinfection byproducts in United States
Abstract. Effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contain disinfection byproducts (DBPs) of health concern when the water is utilized downstream as a potable water supply. The pattern of DBP formation was strongly affected by whether or not the WWTP achieved good nitrification. Chlorine addition to poorly nitrified effluents formed
Evaluation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation
2.4 DBP formation potential (DBPFP) tests DBP formation potential tests were conducted to evaluate the maximum DBP formation ability of the water samples. Free chlorine was used as the disinfectant in DBPFP tests. The oxidation of ammonium in the euents by chlorine will generate chloramine, which would aect DBPs formation.
- What is DBP formation potential (dbpfp)?
- DBP formation potential (DBPFPs) experiments are designed to maximize reactions between the precursors and disinfectant (e.g., Krasner et al., 2008). With knowledge of trends between precursors and DBPFP, unit processes capable of reducing more important precursors can be employed to reduce overall DBP levels in treated water.
- How do DBPs form?
- Unlike most other drinking water contaminants, DBPs form from disinfectant application within the plant, as a result of the final drinking water treatment process (disinfection) and continue to form throughout the distribution system, such that control strategies necessarily focus on minimizing their formation.
- What are DBP precursors?
- DBP precursors are defined as a mixture of organic and inorganic compounds that can form DBPs under some level of disinfection. DBP formation potential (DBPFPs) experiments are designed to maximize reactions between the precursors and disinfectant (e.g., Krasner et al., 2008).
- What can we expect from future researches on emerging DBP precursors?
- Future researches may target to determination of the characteristics of emerging DBPs (e.g., NDMA) precursors, refinement of the models of this study, and/or validation of the models with additional database. The authors are grateful of AwwaRF (Water Research Foundation) for its financial, technical, and administrative assistance (Project # 2948 ).
- What are the two classes of DBP?
- The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) currently regulates two classes of carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs), trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), under the Stage 2 Disinfection and DBP Rule.
- Can pharmaceuticals be converted to DBPs?
- However, because pharmaceuticals and personal care products typically are microconstituents in water supplies (generally <1 μg/L), even their conversion to DBPs at high yield is unlikely to make significant inroads into the uncharacterized TOX.
