Flame-retardants and plasticizers found in the oceans - Phys.org
Flame-retardants and plasticizers found in the oceans by Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres Arctic Research Base. Credit: Hereon / Dr. Zhiyong Xie After the successful ban of...
Polymer Additives | Business Unit | LANXESS
In addition to highly efficient fire protection, phosphorus-based flame retardants offer further advantages such as good processability and high elasticity in PU and PVC systems. These additives are used in the manufacture of flame-retardant articles, including insulation, cables, printed circuit boards, foils, tarpaulins, floor coverings, seat covers, and fire protection applications.
Comparing the Use of Silicone Wristbands, Hand Wipes, And Dust to
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are applied as additive flame retardants, and along with phthalates, are also used as plasticizers in consumer products. As such, human exposure is common and chronic. Deployed as personal passive samplers, silicone wristbands have been shown to detect over a thousand industrial and consumer product chemicals; however, few studies have evaluated chemical
First insights in the metabolism of phosphate flame retardants and
Phosphate flame retardants and plasticizers (PFRs) are additives used in a wide range of polymers. Important representatives, such as tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), have been found in the indoor environment at high levels.
Biotransformation of three phosphate flame retardants and plasticizers
Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) are current high-volume organophosphate flame retardants/plasticizers (PFRs) and are abundant in the indoor environment.
- Are organophosphate esters a flame retardant?
- Abstract Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as additives in flame retardants and plasticizers. Due to phase out of several congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), the application of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) is continuously increasing over the years. As a consequence, large amounts of OPEs enter the environment.
- Which method is used to determine organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers?
- Björklund et al., 2004 J.Björklund, S.Isetun, U.Nilsson Selective determination of organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in indoor air by gas chromatography, positive-ion chemical ionization and collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry Rapid Commun.
- Are human exposures to flame retardants and plasticizers a hazard?
- Also important is that human exposures occur throughout lifetimes to complex mixtures of flame retardants and plasticizers, which may have additive or synergistic effects that are not accounted for in current regulatory assessments (Klose et al. 2021). Such exposures are rapidly increasing on a global scale (Blum et al. 2019).
- Are organophosphate esters harmful to the environment?
- Organophosphate esters (OPEs), a group of synthetic chemicals widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers, have garnered significant international attention due to their adverse effects on the environment and human health. Traditionally, environmental OPEs are thought to originate via direct emissions.
- Which OPE is used as a flame retardant?
- Usually, the chlorinated (Cl-) and brominated OPEs are used as flame retardants (organophosphorus flame retardants, OPFRs), and the non-halogenated ones are used as plasticizers (Andresen et al., 2004).
- Should polymeric flame retardants be regulated?
- Environmental and toxicological evidence clearly indicates that there are environmental risks associated with polymeric flame retardants, and therefore, their use should be adequately assessed and regulated.
