Efficient flame retardancy, good thermal stability
A liquid phosphorus-containing imidazole derivative as flame-retardant curing agent for epoxy resin with enhanced thermal latency, mechanical, and flame-retardant performances J. Hazard. Mater. , 386 ( 2025 ) , Article 121984 , 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.121984
A phosphorus-containing hyperbranched phthalocyanine flame
A typical phosphorus-containing flame retardant, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), has been proved to be the effective flame retardant for epoxy resins 8. DOPO exhibit
Efficient flame retardancy, good thermal stability
To enhance the flame retardancy, the traditional approach is to add phosphorus-containing flame retardants to polymer resins, but additive-type flame retardants tend to result in opacity [16]. Therefore, reactive-type flame retardants may be a good choice to maintain transparency [17].
Preparation and properties of epoxy resin modified with
Epoxy resins (EPs) require the addition of flame retardants to extend their application scope. High-efficiency flame retardants typically contain halogens, which can cause tremendous harm to humans and the environment. In this study, we investigated the syntheses of new phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardants (DIT) and flame-retardant EP.
Phosphorus Containing Polyacrylamides as Flame Retardants
Abstract. Novel polymeric flame retardants based on two acrylamides and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) or 5,5-dimethyl- [1,3,2]dioxaphosphinane-2-oxide (DDPO) are described for several applications in HexFlow RTM6, a high-performance epoxy resin. Neat resin samples and carbon fiber-reinforced composites were tested
- Which phosphorus containing flame retardant is best for epoxy resins?
- A typical phosphorus-containing flame retardant, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), has been proved to be the effective flame retardant for epoxy resins 8. DOPO exhibit higher thermal and chemical stability than other uncycled organophosphorus compounds due to the biphenyl and heterophilic in structure 9.
- What are reactive Dopo based flame retardants for epoxy resins?
- This review focuses on recent advances in reactive DOPO–based flame retardants for epoxy resins, including reactive monomers, curing agents and hybrid structures. There are also highlighted fire retardant mechanisms of the DOPO derivatives and thermal and mechanical features of the epoxy systems.
- Which flame retardant is best for epoxy resins?
- Currently, phosphorus-containing flame retardants are favored among the various flame retardants due to low toxicity and abundant resources. A typical phosphorus-containing flame retardant, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), has been proved to be the effective flame retardant for epoxy resins 8.
- Why are halogen-free phosphorus-containing flame retardants used in epoxy resins?
- Therefore, the halogen-free phosphorus-containing flame retardants (P-FRs) are created and applied to many polymers, including epoxy resins, due to their low toxicity, multiple flame-retardant functions, and designable property , , .
- Which phosphorus containing flame retardants are effective?
- Due to the excellent flame retardancy, flame retardants, which contain phosphorus element, have been developed and successfully applied [10, 11]. Among the developed phosphorus-containing flame retardants, DOPO and DOPO derivatives showed promising flame retardant [12, 13, 14].
- Are epoxy resins flammable?
- Unfortunately, epoxy resins have the disadvantage of being highly flammable and thus require suitable modifications with reactive or non-reactive flame retardant additives. Recent literature have shown that the derivatives 9,10–dihydro–9–oxa–10–phosphaphenanthrene–10–oxide (DOPO) are the most researched flame retardants for epoxy resins.
