Identifying Citric Acid Esters, a Class of Phthalate
Citrate acid esters (CAEs) have been proposed as a class of phthalate substitute plasticizers; however, information on their occurrence in indoor environments is rare. By using liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer, we developed an integrated strategy that can be applied for target, suspect, and characteristic fragment-dependent screening of CAEs. In n = 50
Challenges encountered in the analysis of phthalate esters
We also measured phthalate ester residues in the commercial solvents (all newly opened, high purity, glass-distilled solvents) hexane, acetone, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile (Table 4). Phthalates were found in all the solvents analyzed; concentrations of DEP and BzBP were ~0.01 ng mL 1 , those of DBP and DIBP were ~0.1 ng mL 1 , and
Extraction and quantification of phthalates in plastic
Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid esters, also known as phthalates, are commonly used in the productions of plastics such as polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastics, non-polymers and adhesives. Phthalates...
Phthalate Ester Plasticizers: A New Class of Marine Pollutant
Abstract. Phthalate ester plasticizers have been detected in the open-ocean environment. Samples consisting of water, sediment, air, and biota from the Gulf of Mexico and of water and air from the North Atlantic were analyzed and found to contain two phthalate esters, di- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di- n -dibutyl phthalate (DBP); the
Phthalates Action Plan1 I. - US EPA
In addition, low-molecular-weight polymeric ester plasticizers that are derived from polymeric multifunctional alcohols and adipic, sebacic or glutaric acid; polymeric rubbers and plastics; and reactive plasticizers may also be potential substitutes for phthalates (Biron, 2009;
- What is the use of phthalate esters in polymer formulation?
- Phthalate esters are commonly used as plasticizer in polymer formulation; in particular for poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) formulation.
- What are phthalate esters used for?
- Phthalate esters are used as plasticizers. Phthalate esters are used to prepare in harsh conditions, at a higher reaction temperature. FeCl 3-catalyzed esterification of alcohols with phthalic anhydride affords phthalate esters, under mild conditions. Phthalates are esters of phthalic anhydride.
- What is FECL 3-catalyzed esterification of alcohols with phthalic anhydride?
- FeCl 3-catalyzed esterification of alcohols with phthalic anhydride affords phthalate esters, under mild conditions. Phthalates are esters of phthalic anhydride. Phthalic anhydride (1) has been reacted with alcohols 2 to synthesize phthalate monoesters 3 and diesters 4 with the favor of latter compound that primarily used as plasticizers worldwide.
- What are phthalate plasticizers?
- From a chemical point of view, phthalate plasticizers come from an esterification reaction between phthalic anhydride and an alcohol with specific characteristics. Phthalates are the most used molecules in many sectors of industrial production.
- What are phthalates and phthalic anhydride?
- Phthalates are esters of phthalic anhydride. Phthalic anhydride (1) has been reacted with alcohols 2 to synthesize phthalate monoesters 3 and diesters 4 with the favor of latter compound that primarily used as plasticizers worldwide. This two-steps process operates in single pot, in the presence of 10 mol% of FeCl3 as a catalyst.
- What are the plasticizers used in PVC processing?
- There are many plasticizers used in PVC processing, one of those plasticizers is phthalate esters. Phthalate esters are petroleum-based products which are the most commonly used plasticizers in PVC processing.
