Plasticizer migration from children's toys, child care
Migration rates correlated roughly with plasticizer concentration and inversely with the molecular mass of the plasticizer. We then combined the migration rates with data on mouthing duration to estimate children's exposure to plasticizers in toys and child care articles, and estimated margins of exposure. All margins of exposure were >1,000
Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation
In this study, the concentrations of six plasticizers were analyzed in 3345 children’s products purchased from 2017 to 2025 in Korea. Among them, 387 products contained at least one plasticizer over the detection limit, indicating that the use of phthalate plasticizers remains common in children’s products.
Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and
Large amounts of plasticizers, such as di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), are added to various polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. To assess the human exposure...
Pediatric Exposure and Potential Toxicity of Phthalate
Phthalates are plasticizers that are added to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products to impart flexibility and durability. They are produced in high volume and generate extensive though poorly defined human exposures and unique childhood exposures.
Exposure to phthalates and DiNCH among preschool children
Overall, high urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations were observed in this study compared to the US CDC-NHANES from the same time period and similar age-group. Compared to European studies, however, similar concentrations were observed for most metabolites and the urinary concentrations from few participating children exceeded the human
- Are children exposed to phthalates & plasticizers?
- Children are exposed to a wide range of chemicals in their everyday environments, including the preschool. In this study, we evaluated the levels of phthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols in dust from 100 Swedish preschools and identified important exposure factors in the indoor environment.
- Which phthalate plasticizers are most common?
- Nevertheless, DEHP and DINP are the two most predominant phthalate plasticizers. The concentration of DEHP is the highest in most products in all categories. DBP and DEP were found steadily in children’s products, although the detection frequency is low and the amount in products was minor.
- Do phthalate plasticizers increase dust levels in preschools?
- In our study, the levels of substitute phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers weregenerally higher in dust from preschools built after year 2000, whereas the banned phthalate DnBP was found in higher levels in older building, reflecting the shift in plasticizer use in the EU.
- Which phthalate plasticizer is most commonly found in indoor dust samples?
- The observed concentrations of these replacement non-phthalate plasticizer were as high as di- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, the most frequently detected phthalate plasticizer at highest concentration worldwide, in most of indoor dust samples.
- Are there phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in children's hand wipes?
- In general, the phthalate esters and non-phthalate replacements were frequently detected in the children's hand wipes (n = 202), with a majority of the compounds detected in >90% of the samples (Table 2). To the authors' knowledge, this study examines the broadest range of phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in hand wipe samples to date.
- How many phthalate plasticizers are in PVC toys?
- Of the analyzed products, some had two or more phthalate plasticizers, but most products had one phthalate plasticizer. In the early 2000s, diisononyl phthalate (DINP) was the predominant phthalate plasticizer in PVC toys, of which concentration was up to 44%, and di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) was the second-most dominant [ 12, 13 ].
