An update on the hazard of and exposure to diethyl hexyl phthalate
The dataset on oral toxicity studies is rather complete for most substances; however, in particular for reproductive toxicity and endocrine disruption, data gaps still exist for many alternatives. Toxicity data on intravenous exposure are lacking and these are essential to conclude on hazard characteristics of alternatives that are poorly absorbed via the oral exposure route.
Phthalate and novel plasticizer concentrations in food items
Given the limited toxicity data on replacement plasticizers, we queried high-throughput screening data from the U.S. EPA ToxCast Program for additional toxicity information for DEHT, DEHA, and DINCH .
Multi-pathway human exposure assessment of phthalate
The estimated daily intakes of total phthalates (n = 7) by children and toddlers through indoor dust in childcare facilities were 1.6 times higher than the non-phthalate plasticizers (n = 3), whereas estimated daily intake of total non-phthalates for all age groups at homes were 1.9 times higher than the phthalate plasticizers.
Review of Exposure and Toxicity Data for Phthalate Substitutes
Dialkyl ortho-phthalates (o-DAPs) comprise a class of commercially important compounds used primarily as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC). They can be found in floor and wall-coverings, and common household products such as children’s soft plastic toys.
Comparison of the developmental/reproductive toxicity and
We collected toxicity data of 6 PEs, namely, n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), from open data source, then, we constructed the toxicity database to comprehensively and efficiently compare the
- Are phthalates toxic?
- The toxicity of phthalates has gained increasing attention as studies have begun to show deleterious endocrine and metabolic side effects associated with various subcategories of phthalates. This has led to regulatory action, banning different phthalates that have been shown to cause harm.
- Are plasticizer concentrations in dust and urine correlated with phthalates exposure?
- Plasticizers concentrations in dust and in urine were positively correlated, especially for DnBP. The results raise a concern on occupational exposure to phthalates in the e-waste sector (HBM4EU, 2022d; Cleys et al., 2023). 3.2.1.5. Sources of exposure
- What is the clinical significance of phthalate toxicity?
- The clinical significance of phthalate toxicity depends largely on the type of individual phthalate, route of exposure, the quantity of exposure, and temporal duration of continued exposure. Phthalates and phthalate metabolites have been detected in most bodily fluids, including serum, urine, breast milk, and semen.
- Do phthalates from recycled plastics affect human health?
- We found no reviews of epidemiological human studies on the impact of phthalates from recycled plastics on human health. We recommend that future research should use urine samples as exposure measures, consider confounders in analyses and measure impacts on female reproductive systems.
- Are phthalates a risk factor for human health?
- Graphic produced using data from Maffini et al., 2019, Maffini et al., 2021, a review of 41 epidemiological studies which associated increased risk for human health effects with levels of phthalates. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
- Are phthalates a risk factor for children and teenagers?
- First comprehensive European HBM exposure data on phthalates and substitute plasticizers. Pronounced phthalate exposure reduction verifies the effectiveness of policy measures. Still, for 17% of the children and teenagers health risks cannot be excluded based on mixture risk assessment.
