The effect of dead-on-arrival and emergency department death

                                               
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The effect of dead-on-arrival and emergency department death

                                               
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The Effect of Dead-On-Arrival and Emergency Department Death

                                               
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  • What is a death on arrival (DOA)?
  • Or more importantly, how should we act?
  • Between 10% and 50% of deaths occur before reaching hospitals (1-2). Death on arrival (DoA) can refer to two different patient groups: those who were declared dead upon arrival to an ED with no resuscitation attempt or those who died after failed resuscitation, usually within the first hour of arrival (3).
  • How long does a DOA patient die?
  • The median time to death for all DOA patients was 4 minutes. However, 14 (6.2%) of 224 patients had a documented time of death >30 minutes after ED arrival despite being recorded as DOA. Five trauma centers had data demonstrating that ≥50% of their reported DOA patients had a recorded time of death more than 30 minutes after presenting to the ED.
  • Should DOA and die patients be included in risk-adjusted analysis of mortality?
  • Inclusion of DOA and DIE patients in risk-adjusted analysis of mortality is appropriate and eliminates the bias introduced by exclusion of ED deaths owing to misuse of the DOA classification. Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level III. Supplemental digital content is available in the article.
  • Why should we use DOA instead of OHCA?
  • The use of DOA, rather than OHCA, has important implications for how we think about these patients. The focus shifts to patients who arrive in the emergency department and the subsequent impact on care, particularly for emergency nurses who have a critical role in resuscitation and in sup-porting the families of DOA patients.
  • Are emergency department deaths excluded from risk-adjusted trauma center performance?
  • In previous analyses, patients who died in the emergency department were excluded. We investigated the effect of inclusion and exclusion of emergency department (ED) deaths (dead on arrival [DOA] and died in ED [DIE]) on analyses of overall risk-adjusted trauma center performance.
  • Does inclusion of DOA & die patients affect outlier status?
  • In comparison , inclusion of DOA and DIE patients modified the outlier status of 9% of centers, which is less than the 10% rate of such an occurrence happening by chance alone when utilizing a 90% confidence interval (CI).