Monitoring and health risk assessment of phthalate esters
This study aimed to determine the presence of phthalates and their concentration in household’s drinking water and to examine their potential risk for inhabitants in urban regions of Isfahan, Iran. During the summer and winter of 2017, samples were extracted from 33 private residences via dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with some modifications. Gas chromatography–mass
Assessing human exposure to phthalate esters in drinking
Plastic water-supply pipes and filter element are frequently used in municipal water supply systems. Leaching of phthalate esters (PAEs) from these pipes and filter elements to drinking water has become a common concern among the public. In this study, the migrations of 16 phthalate esters (PAEs) in seven different kinds of water-supply product materials were investigated. Di-n-butyl phthalate
Phthalate
Phthalate esters are the di alkyl or alkyl aryl esters of phthalic acid (also called 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, not be confused with the structurally isomeric terephthalic or isophthalic acids); the name "phthalate" derives from phthalic acid, which itself is derived from the word "naphthalene".
Plasticizers: Types, Uses, Classification, Selection & Regulation
Most common plasticiser chemistries include citrates, benzoates, ortho-phthalates, terephthalates, adipates, azelates, sebacates, and trimellitates. Plasticizers are the most common additives used in the plastics industry. But, selecting the right plasticizer for an application has always been a daunting task.
Phthalate Ester Plasticizers: A New Class of Marine Pollutant
Samples consisting of water, sediment, air, and biota from the Gulf of Mexico and of water and air from the North Atlantic were analyzed and found to contain two phthalate esters, di- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di- n -dibutyl phthalate (DBP); the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) and DDT's ( p, p ′-DDT and p, p ′-DDE)
- What are phthalate plasticizers?
- From a chemical point of view, phthalate plasticizers come from an esterification reaction between phthalic anhydride and an alcohol with specific characteristics. Phthalates are the most used molecules in many sectors of industrial production.
- What are phthalate esters used for?
- Phthalate esters are used as plasticizers. Phthalate esters are used to prepare in harsh conditions, at a higher reaction temperature. FeCl 3-catalyzed esterification of alcohols with phthalic anhydride affords phthalate esters, under mild conditions. Phthalates are esters of phthalic anhydride.
- Why are plasticizers still produced in Iran?
- Abstract—Iran is one of the main producers and consumers of plasticizers in the Middle East and Asia, but due to imposed sanctions, unfortunately Iran was deprived from the research and development in this industry. As a result, this has caused continuing the production of harmful plasticizers in Iran.
- What is a general performance ester plasticizer?
- Some general performance ester plasticizers used in the marketplace today are DOA, DIDA, DIDP, DOP, DINP and other phthalates and adipates made from straight-chain alcohols of 7–11 carbons in length. Ester plasticizers are commonly used only for their as-molded, low-temperature contribution.
- What is FECL 3-catalyzed esterification of alcohols with phthalic anhydride?
- FeCl 3-catalyzed esterification of alcohols with phthalic anhydride affords phthalate esters, under mild conditions. Phthalates are esters of phthalic anhydride. Phthalic anhydride (1) has been reacted with alcohols 2 to synthesize phthalate monoesters 3 and diesters 4 with the favor of latter compound that primarily used as plasticizers worldwide.
- What is an ester plasticizer?
- An ester plasticizer, in its simplest concept, is a high-boiling organic solvent that when added to an elastomeric polymer reduces stiffness and permits easier processing.1 For general performance applications, compounders require moderate performance in several areas without particular emphasis on any one.
