Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and
Large amounts of plasticizers, such as di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), are added to various polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. To assess the human exposure...
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Phthalate Plasticizers in Children
Exposure assessment based on the concentration of phthalate plasticizers in children’s products is crucial, because children are more susceptible to those plasticizers. In recent decades, phthalate plasticizers in children’s products such as toys, teethers, and backpacks were analyzed in numerous studies [ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 ].
Plasticizer migration from children's toys, child care
Migration rates correlated roughly with plasticizer concentration and inversely with the molecular mass of the plasticizer. We then combined the migration rates with data on mouthing duration to estimate children's exposure to plasticizers in toys and child care articles, and estimated margins of exposure. All margins of exposure were >1,000
Pediatric Exposure and Potential Toxicity of Phthalate
Phthalates are plasticizers that are added to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products to impart flexibility and durability. They are produced in high volume and generate extensive though poorly defined human exposures and unique childhood exposures.
Phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers in indoor dust
daily intakes of total phthalates (n 7) by children and toddlers through indoor dust in childcare fa-cilities were 1.6 times higher than the non-phthalate plasticizers (n 3), whereas estimated daily intake of total non-phthalates for all age groups at homes were 1.9 times higher than the phthalate plasticizers.
- Are there phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in children's hand wipes?
- In general, the phthalate esters and non-phthalate replacements were frequently detected in the children's hand wipes (n = 202), with a majority of the compounds detected in >90% of the samples (Table 2). To the authors' knowledge, this study examines the broadest range of phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in hand wipe samples to date.
- Which phthalate is more abundant in house dust and child hand wipes?
- DEHTP was more abundant than DEHP in house dust and child hand wipes. Phthalates and their potential replacements, including non-phthalate plasticizers, are ubiquitous in home environments due to their presence in building materials, plastics, and personal care products. As a result, exposure to these compounds is universal.
- How many phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers are in PVC medical devices?
- Gimeno P, Thomas S, Bousquet C, Maggio A-F, Civade C, Brenier C et al. Identification and quantification of 14 phthalates and 5 non-phthalate plasticizers in PVC medical devices by GC–MS. J Chromatogr B 2014; 949–950: 99–108. Xu Y, Liu Z, Park J, Clausen PA, Benning JL, Little JC .
- Which non-Phthalate plasticizer has the lowest toxicity?
- Among the four non-phthalate plasticizers identified in this work, ATBC appears to have the lowest acute oral toxicity, and DEHA has the highest no-observed-adverse-effect level and lowest-observed-adverse-effect level in chronic exposure studies performed in rats. 17 However, their toxicity or safety to children is not fully understood.
- Is DEHTP a phthalate?
- This suggests that DEHTP, as it replaces DEHP in its consumer product uses as a plasticizer and in floorings, toys, etc., may be one of the most prominent phthalate compounds to which children are exposed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that DEHTP has been assessed in hand wipe samples.
- Are plasticizers in children's backpacks and plastic toys a source of dermal exposure?
- This work has measured the mass content of plasticizers that are currently used in children’s backpacks and plastic toys. Product wipes were used to examine the transfer of plasticizers from children’s backpacks and plastic toys, which may be potential sources for dermal exposure to plasticizers.
