Full article: Assessment of phthalate migration in polyethylene food
To evaluate the migration of phthalates from food contact materials into aqueous foods, ultrapure water was used as a food simulant according to the European commission regulation No.10/2011. These food contact materials included three different types of polyethylene bags/films, plastic bottles and plastic food containers.
Food packaging’s materials: A food safety perspective
Phthalates once used as plasticizers in polymeric packaging films are characterized by low molecular weight, thus facilitating the package-to-food migration. Numerous studies have reported plasticizers as potential migrants that could transfer to foods from the packaging (Pedersen et al., 2008). 1.7.2. Thermal stabilizers
Analysis of phthalate plasticizer migration from PVDC packaging
Plasticizers are chemical products that are added to polymers to improve the processability, extensibility, and durability, etc. Due to small molecular weights of plasticizers, they are easy to migrate from the packaging materials into food, especially under certain conditions, such as high temperature, long heating time etc (Bonini et al., 2008, De Coenselet et al., 2009).
Plasticizer Migration: Ensuring Safety in Food Packaging
When blended with two traditional dibenzoates, it is part of a product called K-FLEX 975P. PG has 21 CFR 175.105, but not 21 CFR 176.170. The other plasticizers in the blend are dipropylene glycol dibenzoate (DP) and diethylene glycol dibenzoate (DE). Each of these plasticizers has 21 CFR 176.170, with some limitations listed.
Plasticisers and Food Safety
When PVC food contact materials are properly manufactured and used, the plasticisers contained in the materials are not expected to migrate excessively into foodstuffs. However, as plasticisers are oil-soluble, plastics containing plasticisers, especially phthalates (i.e. in the case of PVC products) should not be used in food contact materials for holding fatty foods.
- Do plasticizers migrate into acidic foodstuffs?
- Thus, it has been demonstrated that a contact for prolonged time up to 40 °C did not promote the migration of plasticizers into acidic foodstuffs, but the migration of plasticizers to fatty foods can be high (75%–90% loss of plasticizers) and limit the use of PVC films as fatty food packaging. 1. Introduction
- Do plasticizers migrate into food simulants?
- In addition, commercial films have been evaluated as to plasticizers concentration and specific migration into food simulants. It was found that 25% of the samples comply with the specific migration limits for fatty foods contact while 50% might be used for contact with fatty foods with FRF 2–5.
- Is there a migration from plastic packaging material to food?
- Among these changes, migration from the plastic packaging material into the food is a phenomenon of prime importance given that certain additives e.g. plasticizers are known to produce adverse effects to humans ( Bernal et al., 2002, Dalgaard et al., 2003, EC, 1999 ).
- How do plasticizers migrate into food?
- The migration of plasticizers into food depends on various factors: diffusion constant of the migrating substance, the solubility in the given food, prevailing temperature, contact time, concentration gradient and the surface-to-volume ratio.
- Does PVC film affect specific migration of plasticizers into aqueous acidic foods simulant?
- The samples of commercial PVC film displayed lower values of specific migration of plasticizers into aqueous acidic foods simulant than the quantification limit (LOQ) of the respective methods, even with concentration of approx. 40% in the formulation of the film ( Table 9 ).
- Which plasticizers produce the highest migration values?
- Therefore, samples formulated with approximately 16% of DEHA (sample 1) and 18% of MGA and AGM – vegetable-origin plasticizers (samples 3 and 5) were the samples that produced the greatest values for overall migration, as can be seen in Fig. 1.
