Harwick Standard
DUP is the phthalate ester of undecyl (linear C-11) alcohol. It is an excellent primary plasticizer. Particularly, it has favorable cold temperature and volatility resistance. As a matter of course, the liquid compound undergoes less physical property change after being aged. DUP has a wide range of industrial applications.
DEHP Exposure
Plasticizers are additives, most commonly phthalate ester, which work by embedding themselves between the chains of polymers, spacing them apart, and thus significantly making it softer. For plastics such as PVC, the more plasticizer added, the more flexible and durable it will be (see Fig. 1 for the average content of substances in PVC). 2
Phthalate
Phthalates ( US: / θlets /, [1] UK: / θɑlets fθlts / [2] [3] ), or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid. They are mainly used as plasticizers, i.e., substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity. They are used primarily to soften polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Phthalate Ester - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
11.09.5.2 Phthalates. Phthalates, or phthalate esters, are a group of chemicals often included in the production of plastics, such as serving as plasticizer to enhance the flexibility of polyvinyl chloride (NTP-CERHR 2000, 2005, 2006 ). An important source of human exposure to phthalate is food, especially fatty and processed food.
Identifying Citric Acid Esters, a Class of Phthalate
Citrate acid esters (CAEs) have been proposed as a class of phthalate substitute plasticizers; however, information on their occurrence in indoor environments is rare.
- What are phthalate plasticizers?
- From a chemical point of view, phthalate plasticizers come from an esterification reaction between phthalic anhydride and an alcohol with specific characteristics. Phthalates are the most used molecules in many sectors of industrial production.
- What percentage of the market is phthalate plasticizer?
- Phthalate plasticizers have approximately 70 percent of the market. Because of their low cost and high volume, they are referred to as commodity plasticizers. Specialty plasticizers may be used alone in compound but, because of their price, are frequently used in combination with phthalate esters.
- What are phthalates?
- The phthalates are organic esters of phthalic acid and alcohols. In describing ester plasticizers, the structures of the phthalates are more limited than those of the specialty esters.
- Are phthalate esters safe?
- Phthalate esters - especially DEHP - accounted for the majority of plasticizers used in previous years. However, due to their health risks, the use of certain phthalates has been subject to increasing regulatory restrictions since 1999.
- Do European phthalates reduce plasticizer levels in the aquatic environment?
- The European restriction on the use of LMW phthalates is not efficiently reducing the levels of plasticizers in the aquatic environment. We found an increasing number of substitutes in the German part of the three major European rivers Rhine, Danube and Elbe, as well as other waters in Germany.
- What are ester plasticizers?
- Plasticizers include a large variety of organic liquids, such as petroleum fractions, coal tar distillates, animal fats and plant extracts, and reacted products made of those materials. Ester plasticizers, the subject of this paper, are the latter.
