Plasticizers | SpringerLink
As most plasticizers are obtained by esterification from acids and acid anhydrides, this is a criterion to establish the purity of the product. It must be less than 0.08 mg KOH g 1. Boiling point (ASTM D86). It is considered for the safety of the process. Normally it must be higher than 205 °C. Color APHA (ASTM D1209, ASTM 1045, ASTM D1544).
Plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride) from cardanol as a renewable
This high purity esterification was obtained using, 7 g of cardanol and 6.57 ml (7.09 mol, 3 equivalents) of acetic anhydride, diluted in 5 ml di pyridine, and held for 2 h at 50 °C. Then, the solution was washed with HCl aqueous solution, dried, and filtered.
Plasticizer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
To make PVC flexible at least 15 phr plasticizer is required. Less than this amount induces antiplasticization, and actually increases stiffness. Plasticizers can be used alone or in combination to get the desired properties such as tensile and tear strength or low temperature flexibility.
Plasticizers – Benefits, Trends, Health, and Environmental Issues
Plasticizers are produced by a reaction of an alcohol with an acid such as adipic acid, phthalic anhydride, and so forth. The choice of alcohol and acid will determine the type of ester that can be produced and hence the kind of plasticizer.
What is DEHP? Where is it used? Why is it used? | U.S. Plastic
Plasticizers are essential to make PVC flexible. PVC is naturally rigid, but plasticizers are added to make the tubing flexible and expandable while retaining its shape. DEHP is widely used because it is low cost, processes well, and has provided good end-use performance.
- What makes a good plasticizer?
- Concerning external plasticization, it turned out that a plasticizer, to be successful in CA, should be a low molecular weight ester able to interpose the polymer chains, with short apolar alkyl chains and some polar groups able to interact with the polymer.
- Can plasticizers reduce material degradation over time?
- The design of new plasticizers compatible with the polymer at high concentrations, tailored to be effective in lowering the glass transition temperature, and with a low tendency to migration could considerably reduce material degradation over time.
- Why are plasticizers so expensive?
- The costs of these plasticizers such as citrates are rather high due to the use of expensive catalysts, forcing the users to choose low-cost, traditional options. Accelerated elimination of toxic plasticizers and the invention of non-toxic candidates have become an inevitable trend.
- Are biopolymers a good substitute for conventional plasticizers?
- The use of natural and/or biodegradable plasticizers, with low toxicity and good compatibility with several plastics, resins, rubber and elastomers in substitution of conventional plasticizers, such as phthalates and other synthetic conventional plasticizers attracted the market along with the increasing worldwide trend towards use of biopolymers.
- What are natural based plasticizers?
- Nowadays, there is increasing interest in the use of natural-based plasticizers that are characterized by low toxicity and low migration. This group includes epoxidized triglyceride vegetable oils from soybean oil, linseed oil, castor-oil, sunflower oil, and fatty acid esters (FAEs) .
- Why are plasticizers important for PVC articles?
- Plasticizers are the most important additive for PVC articles. The total production of plasticizers in China has reached 3 million tons per annum in 2011. Traditional phthalate plasticizers are the major products, ~80% of the overall use. Recently, phthalate plasticizers have been found toxic to infants, fetus, and reproductive systems.
