Phthalate Ester - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
G. Alvarez-Rivera, ... C. Garcia-Jares, in Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering, 2013 Phthalates and Other Plasticizers. Phthalates (esters of phthalic acid) are a group of chemicals with a wide variety of industrial applications. 13 Regarding cosmetics, they are used as plasticizers in products such as nail polishes and hair sprays, and as solvents and
Characterizing Airborne Phthalate Concentrations and Dynamics
Phthalate esters, commonly used as plasticizers, can be found indoors in the gas phase, in airborne particulate matter, in dust, and on surfaces. The dynamic behavior of phthalates indoors is not fully understood. In this study, time-resolved measurements of airborne phthalate concentrations and ass
Full article: Association Between Phthalate Exposure
The results of animal studies show that phthalic acid esters (PAEs) can affect the normal glucose metabolism by interfering with insulin signal transduction, inhibiting glucose uptake and oxidation, inducing oxidative stress, and interfering with normal hormone function, thus causing an increase in blood glucose and insulin levels in humans and
The effects of phthalate ester exposure on human health: A
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are one of the most widely used plasticizers in polymer products and humans are increasingly exposed to them. The constant exposure to PAEs-contained products has raised some concerns against human health.
Guideline on the use of phthalates as excipients in human
The phthalates reviewed in this guideline fall into two chemically distinct groups. The ortho- phthalate esters DBP and DEP are low-molecular weight (R-alkyl backbone of 3 or less carbon atoms =C3) diesters of ortho-phthalic acid (also called phthalic acid), formed from short -chain alcohols. The high -
- Can FECL 3 be used as a catalyst for phthalate esterification?
- Synthesis of phthalate esters. Now we have found that a neutral and cheap FeCl 3, as a Lewis acid catalyst for esterification, promotes nucleophilic addition of alcohols 2 to phthalic anhydride (1), at much lowered temperatures (50 or 100 °C) affording commercially valuable phthalates, in a simplest way so far ever reported.
- What are phthalic acid esters used for?
- ... Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a class of organic plasticizer compounds widely used as additives in various products, including cosmetics, food packaging, construction supplies, medical equipment, home furnishings, plastic tubing, automotive components, floor tiles, insect repellents (Huang et al., 2021a; Staples, 1997).
- How many esterification reactions lead to conversion of di-alkyl phthalates to phthalic acids?
- Two consecutive esterification reactions lead to the conversion of di-alkyl phthalates to phthalic acids.
- Does mulch plastic film release phthalic acid esters?
- Plastic film mulching is an important agricultural practice, but its release of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) poses threats to soil and human health. However, the migration patterns of PAEs during the lifecycle of mulch plastic film (MPF) remain unclear.
- What is FECL 3-catalyzed esterification of alcohols with phthalic anhydride?
- FeCl 3-catalyzed esterification of alcohols with phthalic anhydride affords phthalate esters, under mild conditions. Phthalates are esters of phthalic anhydride. Phthalic anhydride (1) has been reacted with alcohols 2 to synthesize phthalate monoesters 3 and diesters 4 with the favor of latter compound that primarily used as plasticizers worldwide.
- What are phthalates (Paes)?
- Phthalates (PAEs) are the di-alkyl or di-alkyl-aryl esters of phthalic acid (PA), the main precursor of phthalate. Phthalic acid consists of two carboxylic groups at the ortho position of a benzene ring. Commonly in the generic formula of phthalate, there are linear or branched side chains of alkyl groups having 1–28 carbon atoms.
