Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers: sources
Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers: sources, occurrence, toxicity and human exposure Authors Gao-Ling Wei 1 , Ding-Qiang Li 2 , Mu-Ning Zhuo 1 , Yi-Shan Liao 1 , Zhen-Yue Xie 1 , Tai-Long Guo 1 , Jun-Jie Li 1 , Si-Yi Zhang 1 , Zhi-Quan Liang 3 Affiliations
Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers: Sources
With the gradual discontinuation of the use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as flame retardants (FRs) due to their confirmed persistence, long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT), bioaccumulation and/or toxicity (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2009), an urgent demand for alternative FRs has been increasing.
Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers: Sources
Due to their technical characteristics, organophosphorus compounds (OPs) are well known as suitable substitutes for brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and have been extensively used worldwide for several decades (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2005).
A review of organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers
A review of organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in the environment: Analysis, occurrence and risk assessment . 2025 Aug 20;731:139071. Epub 2025 May 5. Authors Xin Wang 1 , Qingqing Zhu 1 , Xueting Yan 1 , Yawei Wang 2 , Chunyang Liao 3 , Guibin Jiang 2 Affiliations
Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers: Sources
Due to the restricted use and ban of brominated flame retardants, organophosphorus compounds (OPs), extensively used as flame retardants and plasticizers, are ubiquitous in various environmental
- Are organophosphorus compounds widely used as flame retardants?
- Due to the restricted use and ban of brominated flame retardants, organophosphorus compounds (OPs), extensively used as flame retardants and plasticizers, are ubiquitous in various environmental compartments worldwide. The present study shows that the release of OPs from a wide variety of commercial …
- Why are organophosphates used in the technosphere?
- Organophosphates are used in the technosphere for two reasons: the chlorinated and brominated ones as flame retardants, while the non-halogenated ones are mostly used as plasticisers. Most of these compounds are currently produced with some 10,000 t annually.
- What are organophosphate esters?
- Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are esters of phosphoric acid that are increasingly used as plasticizers and by the flame-retardants industries as replacement for the regulated polybrominated diphenyl ethers. The most commonly classes of these pollutants are the chlorinated- and non-chlorinated-OPEs.
- Are organophosphorus compounds suitable substitutes for brominated AME retardants fl (BFRs)?
- Due to their technical characteristics, organophosphorus compounds (OPs) are well known as suitable substitutes for brominated ame retardants fl (BFRs) and have been extensively used worldwide for several de-cades (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2005).
- Are organophosphorus compounds a primary emission source?
- Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) are ubiquitous in various environmental matrices worldwide. Release of OPs from products and wastewater discharge are treated as primary emission sources. High potentials of LRAT and persistence of OPs account for their global occurrence.
- Where are halogenated organophosphate AME retardants found?
- Regional distribution of halogenated organophosphate ame retardants in seawater samples from three fl coastal cities in China. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 86, 569 574. Ingerowski, G., Friedle, A., Thumulla, J., 2001. Chlorinated ethyl and isopropyl phosphoric acid triesters in the indoor environment - an inter-laboratory exposure study.
