Phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers in indoor dust
Plasticizers in indoor dust All phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers were detected in >80% of the 28 dust samples analyzed in this study (i.e., 12 from childcare facilities, 5 from salons and 11 from homes) from across the USA. However, DIBA and DEHA in indoor dust samples from homes were detected only in 73% and 55%, respectively (Table 2).
Phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers in indoor dust
The estimated daily intakes of total phthalates (n = 7) by children and toddlers through indoor dust in childcare facilities were 1.6 times higher than the non-phthalate plasticizers (n = 3), whereas estimated daily intake of total non-phthalates for all age groups at homes were 1.9 times higher than the phthalate plasticizers.
Diverging trends of plasticizers (phthalates and non
This was accompanied by their substitution with high molecular weight (HMW) phthalates and non-phthalates. HMW phthalates increased from 19% of the ∑plasticizer concentration to 46% between the mid-2000s and the late 2010s in house dust, and from 50% to 63% in SPM samples.
Phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers in indoor dust
Plasticizers in indoor dust All phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers were detected in >80% of the 28 dust samples analyzed in this study (i.e., 12 from childcare facilities, 5 from salons and 11 from homes) from across the USA. However, DIBA and DEHA in indoor dust samples from homes were detected only in 73% and 55%, respectively (Table 2).
Nonphthalate Plasticizers in House Dust from Multiple
Along with the restrictions of phthalate esters (PAEs), a variety of nonphthalate plasticizers (NPPs) have been increasingly used for industrial needs. Knowledge remains limited on the environmental occurrences, fate, and human exposure risks of many emerging NPPs. In this study, we investigated a suite of 45 NPPs along with the major PAEs in house dust from five regions in the Asia-Pacific
- Are there phthalate plasticizers in indoor dust?
- This study represents the first report of non-phthalate plasticizers including DIBA, DEHA, and ATBC in indoor dust in the USA. In addition, this study also reports the phthalates for the first time in indoor dust from salons in the USA.
- How much phthalate & non-phthalate plasticizers are absorbed through indoor dust?
- The daily intake of phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers through indoor dust by the adults at salons (214 and 285 ng/kg-bw/day, respectively) was ∼3 times higher than at home ( Table 3 ).
- Do humans eat phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers through dust ingestion?
- In this study, human intakes of phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers through dust ingestion were estimated under median exposure and high-end exposure scenarios, which were calculated based on the median and 95th percentile concentrations in indoor dust, respectively.
- Are phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers a risk factor for occupational exposure?
- It indicates that the occupational exposure of an adult such as at salons can be higher than at home as suggested by Hines et al. (2009) The exposure of phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers through the dust ingestion were found several orders of magnitude higher than dermal uptake. 4. Conclusion
- What are non phthalate plasticizers?
- Many of these novel plasticizers are non-phthalates, including benzoates, sebacates, azelates, adipates, citrates and oleates etc. Similar to the traditional phthalate plasticizers, most non-phthalate plasticizers can leach out from the materials ( Hahladakis et al., 2018 ), rendering potential accumulation in the environment.
- Which phthalate is the dominant plasticizer in house dust?
- HMW phthalates increased from 19% of the ∑plasticizer concentration to 46% between the mid-2000s and the late 2010s in house dust, and from 50% to 63% in SPM samples. Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) replaced DEHP as the dominant plasticizer in both compartments.
