Using waste poly(vinyl chloride) to synthesize chloroarenes
a, Scheme for reductive dechlorination of PVC (cathode) and oxidative chlorination of an arene (anode).b, The model reaction and conditions evaluated in this work.Ethoxybenzene (1) is chlorinated
Production, Use, and Fate of Phthalic Acid Esters
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are the most common plasticizers, approximately 90% of which are used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products, but they are also endocrine disruptors that have attracted considerable attention. The metabolism of PAEs in PVC products in China from 1958 to 2025 was studied using dynamic material flow analysis.
Ester plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride | SpringerLink
The review covers information from patents and papers that have been published in the past 5 years and deal with the synthesis of ester plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride. The main trends in the progress of this field are analyzed. Data on new esterification catalysts are presented. Particular attention is paid to plasticizers derived from
Methyl Acetyl Ricinoleate as Polyvinyl Chloride Plasticizer
The use of alternative plasticizers with low toxicity and good compatibility with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has become more attractive in the recent years in contrast with the phthalate derivatives. In this study, an additive derived from castor oil (methyl acetyl ricinoleate—MAR) was tested as a plasticizer for PVC. MAR was added to PVC in a range of 50–90 PHR and the increase of the
Effect of Modified Cardanol as Secondary Plasticizer on
novel cardanol-based plasticizer. Modied cardanol (MC, i.e., phosphorylated cardanol) containing nitrogen and phosphoric acid groups was synthesized and then incorporated into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the secondary plasticizer for partial substitution of dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The molecular structure of MC was characterized
- What are alternative plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?
- Environmental and toxicity concerns dictate replacement of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) plasticizer used to impart flexibility and thermal stability to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Potential alternatives to DEHP in PVC include diheptyl succinate (DHS), diethyl adipate (DEA), 1,4-butanediol dibenzoate (1,4-BDB), and dibutyl sebacate (DBS).
- Why do we need plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?
- Plasticizers play a crucial role in the overall performance and usability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Their addition can significantly alter the mechanical properties of PVC, thereby expanding its application range.
- What is a plasticizer in PVC?
- Plasticizers soften the polymer, aid in the manufacturing process, and provide form and function to various PVC materials. Plasticizers may account for 30–35% of the PVC formulation. Extraction and determination of plasticizers in PVC material are critical steps in evaluating a polymer for an intended use.
- What is polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?
- Polyvinyl chloride, commonly known as PVC, is one of the most widely used synthetic polymers in the world. It finds its utility across a spectrum of applications, making it an essential material in various industries. Understanding PVC and its applications sets the stage for exploring the critical role of plasticizers.
- How are plasticizers extracted from PVC?
- Plasticizers may account for 30–35% of the PVC formulation. Extraction and determination of plasticizers in PVC material are critical steps in evaluating a polymer for an intended use. Traditionally, plasticizers are extracted from PVC using a 6-h Soxhlet method and identified using infrared spectrometry or gas chromatography.
- Which PVC plasticizer is most commonly used?
- Traditionally, phthalates are the most widely used PVC plasticizer. (1) In particular, PVC tubes using di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are used for external processing of blood and other bio-substances, presenting the concern that DEHP might leach into the blood to cause toxicity.
