Plasticizers - Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH) | S&P Global - IHS Markit
Overall, global plasticizer consumption will grow at a rate of about 3.5% per year in the next few years. Phthalate esters, based on phthalic acid, are the main types of plasticizers used since they satisfy a broad range of processing and performance requirements, as well as a large number of markets.
Plasticizers: Synthesis of phthalate esters via FeCl3
Phthalates are esters of phthalic anhydride. Phthalic anhydride (1) has been reacted with alcohols 2 to synthesize phthalate monoesters 3 and diesters 4 with the favor of latter compound that primarily used as plasticizers worldwide. This two-steps process operates in single pot, in the presence of 10 mol% of FeCl 3 as a catalyst.
US5880310A - Process for producing plasticizer esters - Google
That is, the first invention is a process for producing plasticizer esters, which comprises previously removing dissolved oxygen in a starting alcohol, and then subjecting an organic acid or...
Thermal properties of charring plasticizers from the
This flammability might be controlled by using effective plasticizers that promote char formation at the surface of the burning polymer. Two series of charring compounds, pentaerythritol esters containing aromatic moieties and phosphorus esters of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoates, have been demonstrated to be effective plasticizers for PVC.
Phthalic Acid Ester - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Annica Saaret, ... David Leys, in The Enzymes, 2025. 4.3.9 Phthaloyl-CoA decarboxylase. Phthalic acid esters are environmental pollutants related to plastic production. Recently, it has been found that anaerobic phthalate degradation in soil, freshwater and marine bacteria proceeds by initial formation of phthaloyl-CoA followed by decarboxylation by a UbiD-like phthaloyl-CoA decarboxylase PCD
- How are benzyl esters synthesized?
- The benzyl esters were synthesized via a two-step hydroesterification process using lipases with varying specificities and catalytic performances in each reaction step (sequential hydrolysis and esterification).
- Do epoxidized benzyl esters provide flexible PVC films?
- Epoxidized benzyl esters provided flexible PVC films with favorable properties. The objective of this study was to produce new and renewable bio-based plasticizers from used soybean cooking oil (USCO). First, USCO was completely converted into free fatty acids (FFAs) using lipase from Candida rugosa.
- What is a safe plasticizer substitute for phthalate esters in PVC?
- Of all these options, vegetable oils (refined or used) and their derivatives, like fatty acid alkyl esters (biodiesel) and free fatty acids, are some of the most promising raw materials for producing safe plasticizer substitutes for toxic phthalate esters in PVC and other polymers [7, , , , ].
- What factors influence benzyl esters production?
- The influences of several factors, including the source of lipase and its form in the reaction system (free or immobilized), were systematically evaluated to maximize the esterification step (benzyl esters production).
- Are benzyl based esters compatible with PVC?
- Benzyl-based esters (bioplasticizers) from used cooking oil were produced. A multi-step process (hydrolysis, esterification and epoxidation) was proposed. Immobilized ET2.0 exhibited high activity and reusability in the esterification step. In situ epoxidation process improved the compatibility of the esters with PVC.
- Can lipase extracts be used as a catalyst for ester production?
- In this series of experiments, commercial crude lipase extracts from Candida sp. (CALA) , Thermomyces lanuginosus – Lipolase® 100 L , and ET2.0 , were tested as catalysts, given their high activity and stability in ester production, conducted in non-aqueous systems [32, 47, 48].
