Recent advances in flame retardant epoxy systems containing
Epoxy resins are widely used in the manufacturing of fire safety products in the industry. 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) is a commercially available non-toxic reactive flame retardant and its incorporation improves the fire behavior of epoxy systems by releasing active phosphorus species to the gas phase.
A phosphorus-containing hyperbranched phthalocyanine flame
A typical phosphorus-containing flame retardant, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), has been proved to be the effective flame retardant for epoxy resins 8.
Recent advances in flame retardant epoxy systems
Depending on the desired properties and application domain(s) of the product, several strategies have been developed and can be generalized as (i) direct covalent bonding of the flame retardant on the epoxy resin through a pre–reaction, (ii) using the reactive DOPO–based flame retardant as hardener together with adequate co–curing agent(s
A bio-based phosphaphenanthrene-containing derivative
DOPO, as an attractive phosphorus-containing flame retardant, has attracted extensive attention in recent years. 13 Because of the highly active P–H bond in its molecule, DOPO can react with epoxy group, C C bond, carbonyl group, Schiff base, and amino group to prepare a series of DOPO derivatives. 14 Compared with traditional halogen-containing
Flame retardants for epoxy resins: Application‐related
DOPO-based FRs have shown some promising results for novolac epoxy resins where at a 1.6% phosphorus level a UL 94-V0 rating can be obtained; however, the addition of DOPO to the epoxy resin significantly decreases the T g of the cured resin, which is problematic for lead-free soldering.
- Are phosphorous oxidation states a flame retardant for epoxy resins?
- In conclusion, three kinds of DOPO-based derivatives with multiple phosphorous oxidation states were synthesized and applied as flame retardants for epoxy resins. FTIR and NMR spectra confirmed the successful synthesis of these DOPO-based derivatives.
- Are Dopo-based derivatives a flame retardant for epoxy resins?
- In summary, the DOPO-based derivatives enhanced the fire retarding performance of epoxy by gas phase-condensed phase flame-retardant mechanism. In conclusion, three kinds of DOPO-based derivatives with multiple phosphorous oxidation states were synthesized and applied as flame retardants for epoxy resins.
- Is Dopo a flame retardant?
- DOPO contains a reactive hydrogen bond which reacts easily with epoxy resins, aldehydes, acrylates, activated double bonds of benzoquinone, making it either a good flame retardant additive precursor or an integrative flame retardant . Hence, hydrogen phosphinates or phosphonates may be attached directly to an epoxy resin.
- What is dopamine modified Dopo da for flame retardant thermosetting epoxy resins?
- The flame retardant mechanism of flame retardant was analyzed. DOPO-DA promotes the curing process and improves the mechanical properties. In this work, we synthesized a 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivative flame retardant dopamine modified DOPO (DOPO-DA) for flame retardant thermosetting epoxy resins (EP).
- Are epoxy resins flammable?
- Unfortunately, epoxy resins have the disadvantage of being highly flammable and thus require suitable modifications with reactive or non-reactive flame retardant additives. Recent literature have shown that the derivatives 9,10–dihydro–9–oxa–10–phosphaphenanthrene–10–oxide (DOPO) are the most researched flame retardants for epoxy resins.
- Is phosphorus a flame retardant?
- In this study, a new reactive flame retardant with both low and high oxidation states of phosphorus is designed and synthesised, and applied to epoxy resin, which can play a synergistic flame retardant effect of both gas phase and condensed phase.
