Urinary Concentrations of Major Phthalate and Alternative
Urinary Concentrations of Major Phthalate and Alternative Plasticizer Metabolites in Children of Thailand, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia, and Associated Risks Urinary Concentrations of Major Phthalate and Alternative Plasticizer Metabolites in Children of Thailand, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia, and Associated Risks
Urinary Concentrations of Major Phthalate and Alternative
Exposure profiles and risks of phthalates and alternative plasticizers were assessed for the first time among children of Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, and Thailand. Exposure profiles and risks of phthalates and alternative plasticizers were assessed for the first time among children of Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, and Thailand.
CDC in Saudi Arabia | CDC
CDC has worked with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for over 20 years. It has formed partnerships with the Ministry of Health, WHO, local partners, and other U.S. Government agencies to reduce the impact of emerging diseases, build capacity in areas such as laboratory systems and epidemiology, strengthen immunization services, respond to public health emergencies, and conduct surveillance, surveys
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- Are alternative plasticizers a health based human biomonitoring (HBM-I)?
- Among alternative plasticizers, urinary DEHTP metabolites were detected at levels comparable to those of DEHP metabolites or higher among the Saudi children, and about 4% of the Saudi children exceeded the health based human biomonitoring (HBM)-I value.
- How big is the global plasticizer market?
- It has been estimated that the global plasticizer market is expected to grow from 13 967.9 million dollars in 2018 to 16 700.6 million dollars in 2024, (75) thereby indicating the potential magnitude of this emerging environmental problem.
- What is the hazard index for plasticizers with antiandrogenicity based reference doses (rfdaa)?
- The hazard index (HI) derived for the plasticizers with antiandrogenicity based reference doses (RfDAA) was >1 in 86%, 80%, and 49% of the Saudi, Indonesian, and Thai children, respectively. DEHP was identified as a common major risk driver for the children of all three countries, followed by DnBP and DiBP depending on the country.
- Are biobased plasticizers safe?
- Biobased plasticizers, (66−68) such as soyabean oil, castor oil (as examples provide in previous paragraph), cardanol, and isosorbide, can provide safe alternatives based on their hypotoxicity, renewability, degradability, and plasticizing performances. (68) Preventing regrettable substitutions is a considerable challenge for scientists globally.
- How are phthalates and alternative plasticizers metabolites measured?
- Metabolites of major phthalates and alternative plasticizers were measured in the urine samples by HPLC-MS/MS. Urinary metabolite levels differed substantially between the three countries.
- How many chemicals can be used as plasticizers?
- There are about 30 000 chemicals can potentially be utilized as plasticizers. (1) Phthalate plasticizers are a commonly utilized compound, comprising up to 85% of the total plasticizers in the market.
