Time-trends in human urinary concentrations of phthalates and
Kasper-Sonnenberg M, Koch HM, Apel P, Ruther M, Palmke C, Bruning T, et al. Time trend of exposure to the phthalate plasticizer substitute DINCH in Germany from 1999 to 2017: Biomonitoring data on
Time trend of exposure to the phthalate plasticizer
After first detections of the major oxidized DINCH metabolite OH-MINCH in 2006 (6.7%) detection rates rapidly increased to 43.3% in 2009, 80% in 2010 and 98.3% in 2011 and 2012. From the year 2013 on we could detect OH-MINCH in every urine sample analyzed.
Time-trends in human urinary concentrations of phthalates and
Time-trends in human urinary concentrations of phthalates and substitutes DEHT and DINCH in Asian and North American countries (2009-2025) J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2025 May 5. doi: 10.1038/s41370-022-00441-w. Online ahead of print. Authors
Time-trends in human urinary concentrations of phthalates and
Keywords: Phthalate plasticizers; Phthalate substitutes; Time-trends; Human biomonitoring; Asia; North America. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology (2025) 33:244–254; https
Temporal Trends in Exposures to Six Phthalates
Phthalates are used in a wide range of consumer goods, resulting in exposures to specific phthalates that vary over time in accordance with changes in product use and how phthalates are utilized. We investigated trends in estimates of daily intake dose and several cumulative risk metrics, including the Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Maximum Cumulative Ratio (MCR) for six
- Does human exposure to plasticizers affect time-trends?
- In other countries, including China, little is known on the time-trends in human exposure to these plasticizers. Objective: We aimed to estimate time-trends in the urinary concentrations of phthalates, DEHT, and DINCH metabolites, in general population from non-European countries, in the last decade.
- Does human exposure to phthalates change with time?
- Following phthalate regulations, human exposure to phthalates has globally decreased with time in European countries, the US and Korea. Conversely, exposure to their substitutes DEHT and/or DINCH has increased. In other countries, including China, little is known on the time-trends in human exposure to these plasticizers.
- Are phthalate substitutes increasing in the US?
- The phthalate substitutes DEHT and DINCH markedly increased in the US. We addressed the major question of time-trends in human exposure to phthalates and their substitutes and compared the results in different countries worldwide. Phthalates account for more than 50% of the plasticizer world market.
- Are phthalates a global problem?
- half-lives of this group of substances in humans, generally lower than 24-h in blood and urine , the high levels of detection in different countries are the result of recent exposure to these pollutants. Nevertheless, human exposure to phthalates seems to be globally decreasing.
- Do phthalates from recycled plastics affect human health?
- We found no reviews of epidemiological human studies on the impact of phthalates from recycled plastics on human health. We recommend that future research should use urine samples as exposure measures, consider confounders in analyses and measure impacts on female reproductive systems.
- Are phthalate metabolites increasing or decreasing in China?
- DEHP metabolites decreased in the US and Canada. Conversely in Asia, 5oxo- and 5OH-MEHP (DEHP metabolites) increased in Chinese children. For low-weight phthalates, the trends showed a mixed picture between metabolites and countries. Notably, MnBP (a DnBP metabolite) increased in China.
